The important role of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in many tumors is increasingly being discovered. However, its mechanisms and potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in glioblastoma (GBM) have not been well studied. We obtained GBM samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, as well as the immunotherapy cohort from the IMvigor210 study. We used unsupervised clustering to obtain two ICD-related clusters, corresponding to the ICD-low and ICD-high subtypes respectively, and the tumor immune microenvironment and prognosis of the two subtypes were significantly different. Subsequently, based on the differentially expressed genes of the two subtypes, we constructed an ICD-related prognostic risk score model by LASSO-Cox regression analysis and constructed a nomogram chart, which can accurately predict the survival prognosis of GBM patients. Further analysis showed that risk score was an independent prognostic factor for GBM patients, and risk score was also confirmed to be correlated with mutation information, immune cells, immune-related pathways, and immunotherapy response. Our results suggest that ICD plays a role in the formation of GBM's tumor microenvironment, influencing the development of tumors, and highlighting the potential of ICD-related genes as prognostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and immune response indicators for GBM (Fig. 1 and Table S1).