Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular edema are leading causes of vision loss in aging populations, correlating closely with elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels that raise the permeability of capillaries, leading to the disruption of the blood-retinal barrier and detachment of the retinal neuroepithelial layer. The profound success of anti-VEGF treatments has spurred extensive pharmaceutical research and development.