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Opening the LOX to bone metastasis: The role of secreted lysyl oxidase in skeletal recurrence of breast cancers

Opening the LOX to bone metastasis: The role of secreted lysyl oxidase in skeletal recurrence of breast cancers

Maryam K. Mohammed
Connie Shao
Hue H. Luu
Rex C. Haydon
Genes & Diseases第2卷, 第4期pp.288-290纸质出版 2015-12-01在线发表 2015-09-14
120800

Breast cancer is the second-most prevalent cancer in the United States, with 234, 190 new cases projected to be diagnosed in 2015.The initial diagnosis is commonly made early in its disease course due to the use of routine screening mammography. Combined with advances in adjuvant chemotherapy, this has led to promising overall outcomes, including a 5-year survival rate of 89.4% and a 10%-12% rate of locoregional recurrence at 20 years for stage I/II disease. By comparison, prognosis remains poor for patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis or for those who present after initial cure of disease with distant recurrence. Among cases of distant recurrence, skeletal recurrence occurs frequently and can be accompanied by hypercalcemia, pain, and functional compromise often requiring a protracted course of palliative therapy.

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