Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is becoming the leading cause of chronic liver injury in developed countries and China. Chronic systemic in flammation plays a decisive role and is fundamental in the progression of NAFLD from simple steatosis (SS) toward higher risk nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) states. However, the exact mechanisms by which in flammation leading to NASH are incompletely understood. In this review, we focus the role of the cross talk between in flammation and lipid homeostasis on the progression of NAFLD.